Falcon Northwest Fragbox (GeForce GTX 780 SLI)

High-end gaming rigs like the Falcon Northwest Fragbox (GeForce GTX 780) are made to play premier AAA gaming titles at the highest resolution possible with the highest quality settings. The Fragbox is certainly capable of that, and it's semi-portable to boot. It's going to cost you, but not as much as you'd think. It comes in at just under $5,000, but can compete on the game grid with systems costing thousands more. The Fragbox is our latest Editors' Choice award winner for high-end gaming desktops.

Design and Features
The newest Fragbox follows in the same style as previous Fragbox models, but the styling has been updated. The black painted metal chassis still has an integrated carry handle on the top, which is more than robust enough to handle the system's hefty components. Users can choose to remove the handle, in case they are going for a built-in look.

The front panel is now flat, with a slot-loading Blu-ray/DVD combo drive replacing the old tray mechanism. The Fragbox skull logo is now laser-cut into the front panel and backlit with blue lights, the older model had a clear polymer panel with the logo cut in. Overall, it's a nice design and shows that you're serious about gaming without resorting to flashy lights and an overabundance of chrome. The Fragbox is shorter than competing systems like the Maingear F131 SS, and is certainly smaller than full sized behemoths like the Origin Genesis (Core i7-3970X).

The internals are top notch, as we've come to expect from Falcon Northwest. The system comes with a quad-core Intel Core i7-4770K processor, 32GB of DDR3-1866 memory, two 960GB Crucial M500 SSDs in a RAID 0 array, and a pair of Nvidia GeForce GTX 780 graphics card setup in a two-way SLI configuration. At most you can currently put 32GB of system memory into the chassis, as are the two GTX 780 cards. Having 32GB means that you will be able to load virtually any game in existence right now, or any in the future before the system becomes obsolete. It also means you have plenty of memory to multitask while gaming, including simple tasks like Web surfing and instant messaging. However, with 32GB at your disposal, you have the space to do real work in the foreground like recalculating spreadsheets or editing photos while grinding or mining for resources in the background on a RTS like Starcraft II.

The Intel Core i7-4770K processor is one of Intel's new fourth-generation (Haswell) processors, which is more power efficient than older 3rd and second gen CPUs. Falcon NW didn't overclock the i7-4770K in the Fragbox, but it is unlocked so you can experiment with that later. If you don't feel like taking on that task yourself, the company can tweak the system for you before shipping, for a fee. The new i7 processor, 32GB of memory, and the two SSDs work together to give Fragbox users the same multimedia benchmark performance as systems powered by overclocked six-core Intel i7-3970X processors (more on that below).

The two SSDs are Crucial M500s with 960GB of storage capacity. Together in a RAID 0 array they give you about 1.9TB of total storage capacity on the C: drive. While this is more than enough for most users and many hardcore gamers, you may want more space for downloads and other media files. The Fragbox is well equipped for extra storage, as there is space for an additional 3.5-inch hard drive or two 2.5-inch SSDs in the chassis. Plus, you can always hook up an additional external hard drive to one of the system's six USB 3.0 ports (two are above the front panel). With a high end system like this, we would've liked to have seen a 10Gbps Thunderbolt port for professional hard drive array support, but as configured this Fragbox is very connectable with four more USB 2.0 ports, Ethernet, digital audio out, analog surround audio, HDMI, DVI, and all the video ports on the GeForce GTX 780 graphics cards. In addition to the Ethernet port, the Fragbox comes with 802.11 a/b/g/n 2.4GHz and 5GHz WiFi built in. The system has a 1000W power supply, so the system is capable of supporting power-hungry next generation graphics cards, whenever Nvidia releases its next monster card.

The two 3GB GeForce GTX 780 graphics cards are aimed at high-end enthusiast gamers, the ones that absolutely have to have everything turned up to 11. Together, the two cards can support at least four displays simultaneously, including Nvidia Surround gaming. Though stereoscopic 3D gaming never really took off, the system will support Nvidia's 3D Vision kit as well.

That's all well and good, but the reason you want two top-end graphics cards is so you can play high-end AAA games at the highest quality settings. If you're lucky enough to own a 2,560-by-1,600 or 2,560-by-1,440 resolution display, the Fragbox is certainly capable of driving it with all the eye candy turned on. The two GTX 780 cards have four dual-link DVI ports, two HDMI, and two DisplayPorts between them. The cards run quiet as well. Under normal operation, the cards ran almost silent, and only made themselves present when running our most strenuous gaming benchmarks. Even then, you'd have to have the Fragbox backwards, with the video connectors pointed at your ears to hear the fan noise.

Our review unit came with Windows 8, and as usual Falcon NW keeps the software preloads to a minimum. The SSDs are mostly empty, since Windows, the drivers and utilites for the graphics cards, and Nvidia's GeForce Experience are all that occupy the C: drive. GeForce Experience can help you automatically setup optimal quality and resolution settings for your system, depending on any game it has in its database. Nvidia has also promised first-day driver support for all current and upcoming AAA gaming titles, so you'll be able to optimally play the day you download the next Bioshock Infinite on launch day. Other neat GeForce Experience features include Shadowplay, which will automatically record the last 20 minutes of gameplay, so you can save gameplay videos for future analysis, or so you can relieve a particularly sweet move and share the experience with your friends.

Performance
The reason you spend almost $5,000 on a gaming rig is so that you can play high-end games at all quality settings. This is totally the case with the Fragbox, as it destroys our 3D gaming tests, returning a glass smooth 129fps at Aliens vs. Predator and 132fps at our Heaven benchmark tests at maximum quality. We tested at our standard 1,920-by-1,080 resolution settings, but the system is easily capable of driving a 2,560-by-1,600 resolution 30-inch panel at the same quality settings. Granted, these tests numbers aren't quite as high as the systems with dual GTX 690 cards like the Origin Genesis (Core i7-3970X) or dual GTX Titans like the Maingear F131 SS (GTX Titan), but once you get past a hundred fps or so, you're just gilding the lily. At that point, you're really just bragging about top frame rates. The Origin Genesis, Maingear F131SS, and other ?ber-gaming systems like the Falcon Northwest Mach V (Triple Titan) really are more about the bragability, like owning a high-end sports car to drive on public roads.

The Fragbox also makes short work of the other benchmark tests we run, returning one of the highest, if not the highest score on the day-to-day PCMark7 test (7,322 points). This is high score is a result of the system's quad-core processor, 32GB of memory, and dual SSDs working in concert with the graphics cards and the rest of the system's components. Other multimedia tests like the Handbrake video test and Photoshop CS6 test were also class leading, coming in marginally faster than the overclocked Falcon Mach V and Maingear F131 SS systems.

Though just under $5,000, the Falcon Northwest Fragbox (GeForce GTX 780 SLI) displays a very good bang for the buck compared with systems costing thousands more. It's quite competitive with systems like our former Editors' Choice, the Falcon Northwest Mach V (Triple Titan), especially if you're not already running a multi-monitor gaming rig. It doesn't have the tower PCs' future expandability, but with these components already in the chassis, you likely won't have to upgrade for a very long time. The Fragbox gives users the benefit of the latest technology, and as such is our new Editors' Choice award for high-end gaming desktop PCs.

BENCHMARK TEST RESULTS

COMPARISON TABLE
Compare the Falcon Northwest Fragbox (GeForce GTX 780 SLI) with several other desktops side by side.

More desktop reviews:
??? Maingear Vybe
??? Falcon Northwest Fragbox (GeForce GTX 780 SLI)
??? Vizio 24-inch Touch All-in-One (CA24T-B0)
??? V3 Gaming Traverse
??? Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon
?? more

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/A6yZAUcNuv4/0,2817,2420591,00.asp

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NSA director says plot against Wall Street foiled

From left, Deputy Attorney General James Cole; National Security Agency (NSA) Deputy Director Chris Inglis; NSA Director Gen. Keith B. Alexander; Deputy FBI Director Sean Joyce; and Robert Litt, general counsel to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; prepares to testify on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, June 18, 2013, before the House Intelligence Committee hearing regarding NSA surveillance. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

From left, Deputy Attorney General James Cole; National Security Agency (NSA) Deputy Director Chris Inglis; NSA Director Gen. Keith B. Alexander; Deputy FBI Director Sean Joyce; and Robert Litt, general counsel to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; prepares to testify on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, June 18, 2013, before the House Intelligence Committee hearing regarding NSA surveillance. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

House Intelligence Committee Chairman Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Mich. listens to testimony on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, June 18, 2013, by National Security Agency (NSA) Gen. Keith B. Alexander during the committee's hearing regarding NSA surveillance. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

National Security Agency (NSA) Director Gen. Keith B. Alexander approaches the witness table on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, June 18, 2013, to testify before the House Intelligence Committee hearing regarding NSA surveillance. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? The U.S. foiled a plot to bomb the New York Stock Exchange because of the sweeping surveillance programs at the heart of a debate over national security and personal privacy, officials said Tuesday at a rare open hearing on intelligence led by lawmakers sympathetic to the spying.

The House Intelligence Committee hearing provided a venue for officials to defend the once-secret programs and did little probing of claims that the collection of people's phone records and Internet usage has disrupted dozens of terrorist plots. Few details were volunteered.

Army Gen. Keith Alexander, director of the National Security Agency, said the two recently disclosed programs ? one that gathers U.S. phone records and another that is designed to track the use of U.S.-based Internet servers by foreigners with possible links to terrorism ? are critical. But details about them were not closely held within the secretive agency. Alexander said after the hearing that most of the documents accessed by Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old former systems analyst on contract to the NSA, were on a web forum available to many NSA employees. Others were on a site that required a special credential to access. Alexander said investigators are studying how Snowden did that.

He told lawmakers Snowden's leaks have caused "irreversible and significant damage to this nation" and undermined the U.S. relationship with allies.

When Deputy FBI Director Sean Joyce was asked what is next for Snowden, he said, simply, "justice." Snowden fled to Hong Kong and is hiding.

In the days after the leaks, House Intelligence committee Chairman Mike Rogers cited one attack that he said was thwarted by the programs. In the comments of other intelligence officials, that number grew to two, then 10, then dozens. On Tuesday, Alexander said more than 50 attacks were averted because of the surveillance. These included plots against the New York subway system and a Danish newspaper office that had published cartoon depictions of Muhammad.

In a new example, Joyce said the NSA was able to identify an extremist in Yemen who was in touch with Khalid Ouazzani in Kansas City, Mo., enabling authorities to identify co-conspirators and thwart a plot to bomb the New York Stock Exchange.

Ouazzani pleaded guilty in May 2010 in federal court in Missouri to charges of conspiracy to provide material support to a terrorist organization, bank fraud and money laundering. Ouazzani was not charged with the alleged plot against the stock exchange. Joyce said the arrest was made possible by the Internet surveillance program disclosed by Snowden.

Joyce also said a terrorist financier in San Diego was identified and arrested in October 2007 because of a phone record provided by the NSA.

The individual was making phone calls to a known designated terrorist group overseas, Joyce said. He confirmed under questioning that the calls were to Somalia.

Alexander said the Internet program had helped stop 90 percent of the 50-plus plots he cited. He said just over 10 of the plots thwarted had a connection inside the U.S. and most were helped by the review of phone records. Still, little was offered to substantiate claims that the programs have been successful in stopping acts of terrorism that would not have been caught with narrower surveillance. In the New York subway bombing case, President Barack Obama conceded the would-be bomber might have been caught with less sweeping surveillance.

Officials have long had the authority to monitor email accounts linked to terrorists but, before the law changed, needed to get a warrant by showing that the target was a suspected member of a terrorist group. In the disclosed Internet program named PRISM, the government collects vast amounts of online data and email, sometimes sweeping up information on ordinary American citizens. Officials now can collect phone and Internet information broadly but need a warrant to examine specific cases where they believe terrorism is involved.

Committee chairman Mike Rogers, R-Mich., and Rep. C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger of Maryland, the panel's top Democrat, said the programs were vital to the intelligence community and assailed Snowden's actions as criminal.

"It is at times like these where our enemies within become almost as damaging as our enemies on the outside," Rogers said.

Ruppersberger said the "brazen disclosures" put the United States and its allies at risk.

Committee members were incredulous about the scope of the information that Snowden was able to access and then disclose.

Alexander said Snowden had worked for 12 months in an information technology position at the NSA office in Hawaii under another contract preceding his three-month contract with Booz Allen.

"Egregious, egregious leaks," Joyce said.

But after the hearing, Alexander said almost all of the documents Snowden leaked were on an internal online library.

"They are on web forums that are publicly available in the NSA," he said.

The general counsel for the intelligence community said the NSA cannot target phone conversations between callers inside the U.S. ? even if one of those callers was targeted for surveillance when outside the country.

The director of national intelligence's legal chief, Robert S. Litt, said that if the NSA finds it has accidentally gathered a phone call by a target who had traveled into the U.S. without the agency's knowledge, it has to "purge" that from system. The same goes for an accidental collection of any conversation because of an error.

Litt said those incidents are then reported to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which "pushes back" and asks how it happened, and what the NSA is doing to fix the problem so it doesn't happen again.

Deputy NSA Director Chris Inglis said a limited number of officials at the agency could authorize dissemination of information to the FBI related to a U.S. citizen, and only after determining it was necessary to understand a counterterrorism issue. Information related to an American who is found not to be relevant to a counterterrorism investigation must be destroyed, he added.

Alexander said 10 people were involved in that process, including himself and Inglis.

The hearing came the morning after President Barack Obama vigorously defended the surveillance programs in a lengthy interview, calling them transparent ? even though they are authorized in secret.

Obama said he has named representatives to a privacy and civil liberties oversight board first established in 2004 to help in the debate over just how far government data gathering should be allowed to go. The discussion is complicated by the secrecy surrounding the surveillance court, with hearings held at undisclosed locations and with only government lawyers present. The orders that result are all highly classified.

Snowden on Monday accused members of Congress and administration officials of exaggerating their claims about the success of the data gathering programs, including pointing to the arrest of the would-be New York subway bomber, Najibullah Zazi, in 2009.

In an online interview with The Guardian in which he posted answers to questions, he said Zazi could have been caught with narrower, targeted surveillance programs ? a point Obama conceded in his interview without mentioning Snowden.

"We might have caught him some other way," Obama said. "We might have disrupted it because a New York cop saw he was suspicious. Maybe he turned out to be incompetent and the bomb didn't go off. But, at the margins, we are increasing our chances of preventing a catastrophe like that through these programs."

___

Follow Kimberly Dozier on Twitter at http://twitter.com/kimberlydozier and Donna Cassata at https://twitter.com/DonnaCassataAP?

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-06-18-NSA%20Surveillance/id-5dfa24667ee544499f74f67a6a4caad9

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Getting enough sleep could help prevent type 2 diabetes

June 18, 2013 ? Men who lose sleep during the work week may be able to lower their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes by getting more hours of sleep, according to Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) research findings presented today at The Endocrine Society's 95th Annual Meeting in San Francisco.

The study by Peter Liu, MD, PhD, an LA BioMed lead researcher, found that insulin sensitivity, the body's ability to clear glucose (blood sugar) from the bloodstream, significantly improved after three nights of "catch-up sleep" on the weekend in men with long-term, weekday sleep restrictions.

"We all know we need to get adequate sleep, but that is often impossible because of work demands and busy lifestyles," said Dr. Liu. "Our study found extending the hours of sleep can improve the body's use of insulin, thereby reducing the risk of Type 2 diabetes in adult men. Reducing the incidence of this chronic illness is critical for a nation where diabetes affects nearly 26 million people and costs an estimated $174 billion annually."

Insulin is a hormone that regulates a person's blood sugar level. The body of a patient with Type 2 diabetes cannot effectively use the insulin it produces, or it becomes "resistant" to insulin. Retaining the body's sensitivity to insulin reduces the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, a chronic illness that is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S.

Other research had demonstrated the harmful effects of experimental sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity in healthy, normal sleepers. The new study provides information about people who lose sleep during the week -- often because of jobs and busy lifestyles -- but "catch up" on their sleep on the weekends.

"The good news is that by extending the hours they sleep, adult men -- who over a long period of time do not get enough sleep during the working week -- can still improve their insulin sensitivity," Liu said.

Liu and researchers from the University of Sydney in Australia studied 19 non-diabetic men, with an average age of 28.6 years, who for six months or longer (average, 5.1 years) self-reported inadequate sleep during the workweek. On average, the men received only 6.2 hours of sleep each work night. But they regularly caught up on their sleep on the weekends, sleeping an extra 37.4 percent, or 2.3 hours, per night, the authors reported. Their reported sleep times were verified by actigraphy, in which each man wore a small device on his wrist that monitored sleep-wake cycles.

The men spent three nights in a sleep lab on each of two separate weekends. The researchers randomly assigned the men to two of three sleep conditions: (1) 10 hours of sleep, (2) six hours of sleep or (3) 10 hours in bed, in which noises during deep sleep aroused them into shallow sleep without waking them. The six hours of sleep tested persistent sleep restriction.

On the fourth morning, the research staff drew the men's blood to measure their blood sugar and insulin levels to calculate insulin sensitivity. Each individual had the same food intake during the study visits, so that diet would not influence the results, Liu said.

When the men slept 10 hours a night on each of three nights of catch-up sleep, their insulin sensitivity was much better than when they had persistent sleep restriction, the scientists found. Their insulin resistance test score also improved (decreased) with sleep extension.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/U2AXAnSZRm0/130618131848.htm

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Mali government starts ceasefire talks with Tuareg rebels

By Mathieu Bonkoungou

OUAGADOUGOU (Reuters) - Mali's government and Tuareg separatist rebels began talks on Saturday that both sides said they hoped would lead to a ceasefire ahead of national elections next month and pave the way for a permanent peace deal.

The talks in the capital of neighbouring Burkina Faso, due to conclude on Monday, follow the first fighting in months between Mali's army and the MNLA rebels this week as government forces advanced toward the Tuaregs' last stronghold of Kidal in the remote northeast.

France launched a massive military campaign in January which broke al Qaeda-linked Islamist fighters' control over the northern two-thirds of Mali and allowed the Tuaregs to regain control of their traditional fiefdom of Kidal.

Paris, which is handing over to a U.N. peacekeeping mission due in Mali next month, has pushed hard for elections to go ahead on July 28 to seal a democratic transition from a military coup last year, triggered by the Tuareg uprising.

The immediate goal of the talks is to agree a ceasefire and establish conditions for Mali's government and armed forces to return to Kidal before the presidential vote.

Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaore, who is mediating the talks, has proposed that both sides agree on a method for monitoring the implementation of any deal and on post-election negotiations to achieve lasting peace in northern Mali.

Mali's Tuareg community has for decades demanded greater political autonomy from the southern capital Bamako and more spending on development for the impoverished region, which they call Azawad.

"This meeting raises great hope for the population of Azawad," said Mahamadou Djeri Maiga, chief negotiator for the MNLA and the HCUA Tuareg umbrella group. "We hope this meeting will be the start of a definitive solution to a problem which has lasted half a century."

The government has said that if the two sides cannot come to some agreement by Monday it may occupy Kidal by force. France has so far resisted a military solution to the rebellion but its patience is wearing thin; Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said this week a military campaign would be legitimate if talks fail.

Malian army officials, who asked not to be identified, said on Friday that French forces were holding back a military assault on Kidal.

The talks were supposed to have started on Friday but were delayed after the Malian government asked for the inclusion of representatives from the secular Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA), which opposed MNLA control of the region, and the pro-government Gandakoye black African militias.

Burkinabe mediators refused the request.

Tiebele Drame, the government's chief negotiator, told journalists at the start of the talks that a deal to hold elections was a necessary first step to resolving unrest in northern Mali.

Long-term solutions would have to wait until after the elections, since the interim government of President Dioncounda Traore lacks the political authority to make a far-reaching deal with northern armed groups.

"Once Malians choose a president who has popular legitimacy, he will then be able to start talks with armed groups for the definitive resolution of the northern crisis," he said, calling on rebel groups to lay down their arms.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/mali-government-starts-ceasefire-talks-tuareg-rebels-065301918.html

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Report: NSA contract worker is surveillance source

WASHINGTON (AP) ? A 29-year-old intelligence contractor who claims to have worked at the National Security Agency and the CIA allowed himself to be revealed Sunday as the source of disclosures about the U.S. government's secret surveillance programs, risking prosecution by the U.S. government.

The leaks have reopened the post-Sept. 11 debate about privacy concerns versus heightened measure to protect against terrorist attacks, and led the NSA to ask the Justice Department to conduct a criminal investigation into the leaks.

The Guardian, the first paper to disclose the documents, said it was publishing the identity of Edward Snowden, a former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton, at his own request.

"My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them," Snowden told the newspaper.

Stories in The Guardian and The Washington Post published over the last week revealed two surveillance programs, and both published interviews with Snowden on Sunday.

One of them is a phone records monitoring program in which the NSA gathers hundreds of millions of U.S. phone records each day, creating a database through which it can learn whether terror suspects have been in contact with people in the U.S. The Obama administration says the NSA program does not listen to actual conversations.

Separately, an Internet scouring program, code-named PRISM, allows the NSA and FBI to tap directly into nine U.S. Internet companies to gather all Internet usage ? audio, video, photographs, emails and searches. The effort is designed to detect suspicious behavior that begins overseas.

Snowden said claims the programs are secure are not true.

"Any analyst at any time can target anyone. Any selector. Anywhere. Where those communications will be picked up depends on the range of those sensor networks and the authority that that analyst is empowered with," Snowden said, in accompanying video on the Guardian's website. "Not all analysts have the power to target anything. But I, sitting at my desk, had the authority to wiretap anyone, from you or your accountant to a federal judge to even the president if I had a personal email."

He told the Post that he would "ask for asylum from any countries that believe in free speech and oppose the victimization of global privacy" in an interview from Hong Kong, where he is staying.

"I'm not going to hide," Snowden told the Post. "Allowing the U.S. government to intimidate its people with threats of retaliation for revealing wrongdoing is contrary to the public interest."

The Post declined to elaborate on its reporting about Snowden.

The spokesman for the Director of National Intelligence, Shawn Turner, said intelligence officials are "currently reviewing the damage that has been done by these recent disclosures," adding that "Any person who has a security clearance knows that he or she has an obligation to protect classified information and abide by the law."

He referred further comment to the Justice Department.

"The Department of Justice is in the initial stages of an investigation into the unauthorized disclosure of classified information by an individual with authorized access," said Nanda Chitre, Justice Department spokeswoman. "Consistent with longstanding department policy and procedure and in order to protect the integrity of the investigation, we must decline further comment."

In a statement, Booz Allen confirmed that Snowden "has been an employee of our firm for less than 3 months, assigned to a team in Hawaii." The statement said if the news reports of what he has leaked prove accurate, "this action represents a grave violation of the code of conduct," and the company promised to work closely with authorities on the investigation.

Director of National Intelligence James Clapper has decried the revelation of the intelligence-gathering programs as reckless and said it has done "huge, grave damage." In recent days, he took the rare step of declassifying some details about them to respond to media reports about counterterrorism techniques employed by the government.

Snowden told The Guardian that he lacked a high school diploma and enlisted in the U.S. Army until he was discharged because of an injury, and later worked as a security guard with the NSA.

He later went to work for the CIA as an information technology employee and by 2007 was stationed in Geneva, Switzerland, where he had access to classified documents.

During that time, he considered going public about the nation's secretive programs but told the newspaper he decided against it, because he did not want to put anyone in danger and he hoped Obama's election would curtail some of the clandestine programs.

He said he was disappointed that Obama did not rein in the surveillance programs.

"Much of what I saw in Geneva really disillusioned me about how my government functions and what its impact is in the world," he told The Guardian. "I realized that I was part of something that was doing far more harm than good."

Snowden left the CIA in 2009 to join a private contractor, and spent last four years at the NSA, as a contractor with consulting giant Booz Allen Hamilton and, before that, Dell.

The Guardian reported that Snowden was working in an NSA office in Hawaii when he copied the last of the documents he planned to disclose and told supervisors that he needed to be away for a few weeks to receive treatment for epilepsy.

Guardian reporter Glenn Greenwald, who filed the initial news reports on the programs, declined comment Sunday when contacted in a Hong Kong hotel lobby by The Associated Press.

"I'm not going to talk to you, and I don't have any information to give you," he said.

A sign advertising Century 21 realtor Kerri Jo Heim sits on the grass outside the blue-and-white house where Snowden and his girlfriend lived in a quiet neighborhood in Waipahu, West Oahu.

Heim says the couple moved out on May 1, leaving nothing behind. She said last Wednesday police came by asking where they went, but she didn't know.

Snowden left for Hong Kong on May 20 and has remained there since, according to the newspaper. Snowden is quoted as saying he chose that city because "they have a spirited commitment to free speech and the right of political dissent", and because he believed it was among the spots on the globe that could and would resist the dictates of the U.S. government.

"I feel satisfied that this was all worth it. I have no regrets," Snowden told The Guardian, which said he asked to be identified after several days of interviews.

Iceland's International Modern Media Institute, a free press group, said it had yet to hear from Snowden directly. But in a statement the institute said it would do what it could to help the former intelligence worker find asylum and was already working to set up a meeting with Iceland's newly appointed interior minister.

Snowden could face decades in a U.S. jail for revealing classified information if he is successfully extradited from Hong Kong, said Mark Zaid, a national security lawyer who represents whistleblowers. Hong Kong had an extradition treaty with the United States that took force in 1998, according to the U.S. State Department website.

"If it's a straight leak of classified information, the government could subject him to a 10 or 20 year penalty for each count," with each document leaked considered a separate charge, Zaid said.

Hong Kong, though part of China, is partly autonomous and has a Western-style legal system that is a legacy from the territory's past as a British colony. A U.S.-Hong Kong extradition treaty has worked smoothly in the past. Hong Kong extradited three al-Qaeda suspects to the U.S. in 2003, for example.

But the treaty comes with important exceptions. Key provisions allow a request to be rejected if it is deemed to be politically motivated or that the suspect would not receive a fair trial. Beijing may also block an extradition of Chinese nationals from Hong Kong for national security reasons.

Snowden told the newspaper he believes the government could try to charge him with treason under the Espionage Act, but Zaid said that would require the government to prove he had intent to betray the United States, whereas he publicly made it clear he did this to spur debate.

The government could also make an argument that the NSA leaks have aided the enemy ? as military prosecutors have claimed against Army Pvt. Bradley Manning, who faces life in prison under military law if convicted for releasing a trove of classified documents through Wikileaks.

"They could say the revelation of the (NSA) programs could instruct people to change tactics," Zaid said. But even under the lesser charges of simply revealing classified information, "you are talking potentially decades in jail, loss of his employment and his security clearance."

Officials said the revelations were dangerous and irresponsible. House intelligence committee member Peter King, R-NY, called for Snowden to be "extradited from Hong Kong immediately...and prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law," in an interview with The Associated Press Sunday.

"I believe the leaker has done extreme damage to the U.S. and to our intelligence operations," King said, by alerting al-Qaida to U.S. surveillance, and by spooking U.S. service providers who now might fight sharing data in future with the U.S. government, now that the system has been made public.

King added that intelligence and law enforcement professionals he'd spoken to since the news broke were also concerned that Snowden might be taken into custody by Chinese intelligence agents and questioned about CIA and NSA spies and policies.

"To be a whistleblower, there would have to be a pattern of him filing complaints through appropriate channels to his supervisors," said Ambassador John Negroponte, the first director of national intelligence, in an interview with the AP Sunday. "For me, it's just an outright case of betrayal of confidences and a violation of his nondisclosure agreement."

President Barack Obama, Clapper and others have said the programs are authorized by Congress and subject to strict supervision of a secret court.

"It's important to recognize that you can't have 100 percent security and also then have 100 percent privacy and zero inconvenience," Obama said. "We're going to have to make some choices as a society."

___

Associated Press reporters Phillip Elliot in Washington, Anita Hofschneider in Waipahu, Hawaii, Gillian Wong in Beijing, Rafael Wober in Hong Kong and Raphael Satter in London contributed to this report.

___

Follow Dozier on Twitter at ? http://twitter.com/kimberlydozier or at http://bigstory.ap.org/tags/kimberly-dozier

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/report-nsa-contract-worker-surveillance-source-185911834.html

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Search for 1st Web page takes detour into NC

FILE - In this Thursday, March 31, 2011 file photo, World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee addresses the media during the International World Wide Web conference in Hyderabad, India. The scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, known by its French acronym CERN, are searching for the first Web page. It was there that Berners-Lee invented the Web in 1990 as an unsanctioned project. (AP Photo/Mahesh Kumar A., File)

FILE - In this Thursday, March 31, 2011 file photo, World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee addresses the media during the International World Wide Web conference in Hyderabad, India. The scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, known by its French acronym CERN, are searching for the first Web page. It was there that Berners-Lee invented the Web in 1990 as an unsanctioned project. (AP Photo/Mahesh Kumar A., File)

FILE - In this Friday, Jan. 25, 2013 file photo, Tim Berners-Lee, director of World Wide Web Foundation, speaks during a panel session at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, WEF, in Davos, Switzerland. The scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, known by its French acronym CERN, are searching for the first Web page. It was there that Berners-Lee invented the Web in 1990 as an unsanctioned project. (AP Photo/Keystone, Jean-Christophe Bott, File)

For the European physicists who created the World Wide Web, preserving its history is as elusive as unlocking the mysteries of how the universe began.

The scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, known by its French acronym CERN, are searching for the first Web page. It was at CERN that Tim Berners-Lee invented the Web in 1990 as an unsanctioned project, using a NeXT computer that Apple co-founder Steve Jobs designed in the late 80s during his 12-year exile from the company.

Dan Noyes oversees CERN's website and has taken on the project to uncover the world's first Web page. He says that no matter how much data they sort through, researchers may never make a clear-cut discovery of the original web page because of the nature of how data is shared.

"The concept of the earliest Web page is kind of strange," Noyes said. "It's not like a book. A book exists through time. Data gets overwritten and looped around. To some extent, it is futile."

In April, CERN restored a 1992 copy of the first-ever website that Berners-Lee created to arrange CERN-related information. It was the earliest copy CERN could find at the time, and Noyes promised then to keep looking.

After National Public Radio did a story on the search, a professor at University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill came forward with a 1991 version. Paul Jones met Berners-Lee during the British scientist's visit to the U.S. for a conference in 1991, just a year after Berners-Lee invented the Web. Jones said Berners-Lee shared the page with the professor, who has transferred it from server to server through the years. A version remains on the Internet today at an archive Jones runs, ibiblio.

The page Jones received from Berners-Lee is locked in Jones' NeXT computer, behind a password that has long been forgotten. Forensic computer specialists are trying to extract the information to check time stamps and preserve the original coding used to generate the page.

The Web page preserved by Jones is both familiar and quaint. There are no flashy graphics or video clips. Instead, it is a page of text on a white background with 19 hyperlinks. Some of the links, such as ones leading to information about CERN, have been updated and still work. On the other hand, a link to the phone numbers for CERN staffers is dead.

Noyes said he'll keep searching for earlier versions of the page. Noyes said his project still has to sort through plenty of old disks and other data submitted following NPR's story. He suspects there will be a couple of pages to pop up that were created months before the version Jones has.

The Internet itself dates back to 1969, when computer scientists gathered in a lab at the University of California, Los Angeles to exchange data between two bulky computers. In the early days, the Internet had email, message boards known as Usenet and online communities such as The WELL.

Berners-Lee was looking for ways to control computers remotely at CERN. His innovation was to combine the Internet with another concept that dates to the 1960s: hypertext, which is a way of presenting information nonsequentially. Although he never got the project formally approved, his boss suggested he quietly tinker with it anyway. Berners-Lee began writing the software for the Web in October 1990, got his browser working by mid-November and added editing features in December. He made the program available at CERN by Christmas.

These days, many people see the Internet and the Web as one and the same, even though the Web is just one of the many functions of the Internet. Personal email tends to be conducted over Web-based systems such as Yahoo and Google's Gmail. Web-based message boards have replaced the need for Usenet. Friendster, Myspace and later Facebook emerged as go-to places on the Web for hanging out. People now use the Web to find dates, watch television shows, catch up on the news, pay bills and play games. Many more services are still being invented.

In less than a quarter century, the Web has turned into an easy way to retrieve data on just about any topic from just about any computer in the world with just the click of a link. It has become the equivalent of millions of libraries at the fingertips of anyone with a Web browser and a network connection. The resources have made it far more difficult for authoritarian regimes to keep information from their citizens.

Berners-Lee's office was a few corridors down from Noyes at CERN's headquarters in Geneva. Nearby is a plaque honoring him for his innovation. Noyes recently brought his 14-year-old son and showed it to him.

"For him, it was a concept that doesn't make any sense," Noyes said. "It's no fault of his own, but he can't imagine the world without the Web."

Attempts to reach Berners-Lee through CERN were unsuccessful.

That's part of why Noyes believes it is important to round up the World Wide Web's history. He said it represents the best of how science and free governments can make the world a better place. And the quest for the first Web page reminds him of CERN's main goal ? seeking answers about the universe using tools such as the $10 billion Large Hadron Collider, where high-energy beams of protons are sent crashing into each other at incredible speeds.

"We're looking at the origins of the universe. Origins are intrinsically exciting," Noyes said.

Jones takes pride in his small part in Internet history, too. He understands the pull of trying to find the first Web page even if it doesn't make much sense. After all, even the simplest page created by a blogging novice today is richer and has more depth than those Web pages more than two decades ago. He likens it to why millions of people go to Europe to see original paintings of The Scream or the Mona Lisa when they can see replicas with almost no effort at all.

"No matter how perfectly you can reproduce something, like The Scream or the Mona Lisa, we have a fetish for the original," Jones said. "The more you see the derivative, the more you want to see the original."

___

Online:

First website project: http://first-website.web.cern.ch

Information on Web's origins: http://info.cern.ch

___

Follow Jeffrey Collins on Twitter at http://twitter.com/JSCollinsAP

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2013-06-11-First%20Web%20Page/id-7eef780c347a4dccb47b2bc55372ea1c

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Blog Archive ? Recreation And Sports For Physically Challenged ...

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